BA II Plus Professional Emulator User Guide

Learn the BA II Plus Professional emulator through clear key sequences, expected display values, practical financial examples, worksheet references, and formulas.

Getting Started

The calculator combines standard arithmetic with financial worksheets. A worksheet stores its values until you replace them, clear that worksheet, or reset the calculator.

How to follow an example: Read each row from left to right: the task, the keys to press, and the display you should see. Key names shown together are pressed in sequence, not at the same time.

Reset Before A New Example

2ND RESET ENTER

The display confirms RST 0.00. A reset restores worksheet defaults and clears stored worksheet values.

Clear The Current Worksheet

2ND CLR WORK

Use this inside a worksheet when you want to clear its data without resetting unrelated calculator settings.

Return To Standard Mode

2ND QUIT

Leaves the active worksheet and returns to the standard calculator display.

Worksheet Variable Types

Type	How It Works	Typical Action
Enter-only	You supply the value; the calculator does not compute it.	Type a value, then press `ENTER`.
Compute-only	The value is produced from other worksheet fields.	Move to the field and press `CPT`.
Enter/compute	You may enter the value or solve for it.	Use `ENTER` or `CPT`.
Auto-compute	The result is calculated when you display the field.	Move to it with an arrow key.
Setting	The field selects a method or operating mode.	Press `2ND` `SET` to cycle choices.

Reading The Display

= identifies a worksheet value. A small arrow indicates that the displayed value was entered and stored.
* identifies a computed result.
Large values use the active separator format; in US format, 1234.56 is displayed as 1,234.56.
The calculator stores additional internal digits even when the display is rounded to fewer decimal places.

Cash-Flow Sign Convention

Money received and money paid must use opposite signs. For example, enter a loan received as positive PV; the computed payment is negative. Use +/- to change the sign of the current entry.

Before solving a TVM problem, verify P/Y, C/Y, and END/BGN. An unused TVM variable should normally be zero.

Worksheet Reference

Use this directory to find a worksheet, understand its field order, and know whether values are entered, computed, or displayed automatically.

Worksheet	Access	Main Fields	Important Behavior
TVM	`N`, `I/Y`, `PV`, `PMT`, `FV`	N, annual rate, present value, payment, future value	Enter four variables and compute the fifth. Check P/Y, C/Y, and END/BGN first.
P/Y	`2ND P/Y`	P/Y, C/Y	Entering P/Y also sets C/Y to the same value unless C/Y is changed afterward.
Amortization	`2ND AMORT`	P1, P2, BAL, PRN, INT	BAL, PRN, and INT are auto-computed when displayed. P2 must not be less than P1.
Cash Flow	`CF`	CF0, Cnn, Fnn	Cnn is a cash-flow amount; Fnn is its consecutive frequency. Up to 32 cash-flow groups are supported.
NPV	`NPV`	I, NPV, NFV, PB, DPB	Enter the periodic rate at I, then use CPT for each result.
IRR	`IRR`	IRR, RI, MOD	Compute IRR, enter the reinvestment rate RI, then move to MOD for the modified return.
Bond	`2ND BOND`	SDT, CPN, RDT, RV, ACT/360, 1/Y or 2/Y, YLD, PRI, AI, DUR	Dates use the active date format. Day-count and coupon-frequency fields are settings.
Depreciation	`2ND DEPR`	Method, LIF, M01, CST, SAL, YR, DEP, RBV, RDV	Use 2ND SET to select SL, SYD, DB, or DBX. DEP, RBV, and RDV are computed outputs.
Statistics Data	`2ND DATA`	Xnn, Ynn	Stores up to 50 points. In 1-V mode, Ynn is the frequency of Xnn.
Statistics Results	`2ND STAT`	LIN, Ln, EXP, PWR, 1-V and result fields	Use 2ND SET to select a model; most result fields compute when displayed.
Date	`2ND DATE`	DT1, DT2, DBD, ACT/360	Computes a date or days between dates. Supported dates are January 1, 1980 through December 31, 2079.
Memory	`2ND MEM`	M0 through M9	Review and edit the ten numbered memories used by STO and RCL.

Button Guide

Key shapes reproduce the labels used by the emulator. A gold 2ND key activates the second function printed above the next key.

Primary Keys

N I/Y PV PMT FV

Type a number first, then press a TVM key to store it. Press a TVM key by itself to recall its stored value.

Second Functions

2ND P/Y 2ND AMORT

Press 2ND, release it, and then press the key carrying the required second-function label.

Worksheet Navigation

↑ ↓ ENTER CPT

Use arrows to move through fields, ENTER to store an entry, and CPT to solve the displayed variable.

Indicator	Meaning
`2ND`	The next key uses its second function.
`ENTER`	The current worksheet field accepts entry.
`COMPUTE`	A compute operation is active or just ran.
`SET`	The current field is a setting toggled by SET.
`DEL` / `INS`	Cash-flow delete or insert action was triggered.
`BGN`	Beginning-of-period payments are active.
`RAD`	Radian angle mode is active.
`=`	A value was entered into a worksheet field.
`*`	A value was computed.

Correcting an entry: Before pressing ENTER, use the back-arrow key to remove the last digit. Use CE/C to clear the current entry. In the Cash Flow and Statistics data worksheets, use 2ND DEL or 2ND INS to delete or insert a data record.

Format Worksheet

Open with 2ND FORMAT.

DEC: decimal places. Use 9 for floating decimal.
ANGLE: DEG or RAD.
DATE: US or European date display.
SEP: US or European number separators.
CALC: chain or AOS calculation method.

Example: US Number Separators

Enter a number 1234.56 1,234.56

Time Value Of Money

TVM fields are N, I/Y, PV, PMT, and FV. Set P/Y before using the payment multiplier.

Treat each named example as a complete procedure unless it explicitly says to continue from the previous example. Reset first so an unused TVM value cannot affect the answer.

TVM Equation

0 = PV + PMT \times G_i \left[\frac{1 - (1+i)^{-N}}{i}\right] + FV(1+i)^{-N}

G_i = 1 for END mode and G_i = 1+i for BGN mode.

Example: Monthly Mortgage Payment

Reset calculator2NDRESETENTERRST 0.00

Set payments per year2NDP/Y12ENTERP/Y= 12.00

Return to calculator2NDQUIT0.00

Enter payments302NDxP/YNN= 360.00

Enter APR6.125I/YI/Y= 6.13

Enter loan amount120000PVPV= 120,000.00

Compute paymentCPTPMTPMT= -729.13

Example: Quarterly Payment

Continue directly from the preceding $120,000 mortgage at 6.125%. Change P/Y to 4; the calculator also sets C/Y to 4. The stored PV and I/Y remain unchanged.

Set quarterly payments2NDP/Y4ENTERP/Y= 4.00

Return to calculator2NDQUIT0.00

Enter 30 years302NDxP/YNN= 120.00

Compute paymentCPTPMTPMT= -2,191.28

Answer: The quarterly payment is an outflow of $2,191.28.

Amortization Worksheet

Open with 2ND AMORT. Use P1 and P2 to choose a payment range.

The example below uses the monthly mortgage values: N=360, I/Y=6.125, PV=120,000, PMT=-729.13, FV=0, and P/Y=C/Y=12. Repeat the monthly setup before continuing; do not use the quarterly state.

Guidebook Amortization Logic

\Sigma Prn = bal(pmt2) - bal(pmt1)

\Sigma Int = (pmt2 - pmt1 + 1) \times RND(PMT) - \Sigma Prn

Example: First Nine Payments

Open worksheet2NDAMORTP1= current value

Set start period1ENTERP1= 1.00

Set end period↓9ENTERP2= 9.00

View results↓↓↓BAL= 118,928.63PRN= -1,071.37INT= -5,490.80

Cash Flow, NPV, IRR, And MOD

Open with CF. Use CF0, C01, and F01 fields to enter cash flows and frequencies.

NPV And NFV

NPV = CF_0 + \sum_{j=1}^{N} CF_j(1+i)^{-S_j-1}\left[\frac{1-(1+i)^{-n_j}}{i}\right]

NFV = (1+i)^p \times NPV

Example: Enter Cash Flows

Open and clear worksheetCF2NDCLR WORKCF0= 0.00

Initial outflow7000+/-ENTERCF0= -7,000.00

Year 1↓3000ENTER↓C01= 3,000.00F01= 1.00

Year 2↓4000ENTER↓C02= 4,000.00F02= 1.00

Years 3-6↓5000ENTER↓4ENTERC03= 5,000.00F03= 4.00

Example: Compute NPV, NFV, PB, DPB

Open NPVNPVI= 0.00

Enter rate20ENTERI= 20.00

Compute values↓CPT↓CPT↓CPT↓CPTNPV= 7,266.44NFV= 21,697.47PB= 2.00DPB= 2.60

Example: IRR And MOD

Compute IRRIRRCPTIRR= 52.71

Enter reinvestment rate↓20ENTERRI= 20.00

View MOD↓MOD= 35.12

Bond Worksheet

Open with 2ND BOND. Enter dates in the active date format.

Accrued Interest

AI = PAR \times \frac{R}{M} \times \frac{A}{E}

Example: Bond Price

Settlement date2NDBOND6.1206ENTERSDT= 6-12-2006

Coupon and redemption↓7ENTER↓12.3107ENTERCPN= 7.00RDT= 12-31-2007

Settings and yield↓↓2NDSET↓↓8ENTERYLD= 8.00

Compute and view↓CPT↓↓PRI= 98.56AI= 3.15DUR= 1.44

Depreciation Worksheet

Open with 2ND DEPR. Use 2ND SET to cycle methods.

Straight-Line Depreciation

DEP = \frac{CST - SAL}{LIF}

RDV = CST - SAL - \text{accumulated depreciation}

Example: Straight-Line Depreciation

Enter inputs2NDDEPR↓31.5ENTER↓3.5ENTER↓1000000ENTERLIF= 31.50M01= 3.50CST= 1,000,000.00

View year 1↓↓↓↓↓DEP= 25,132.28RBV= 974,867.72RDV= 974,867.72

Return to year field↑↑↑YR= 1.00

Advance to year 22NDENTERYR= 2.00

View year 2 results↓↓↓DEP= 31,746.03RBV= 943,121.69RDV= 943,121.69

Statistics Worksheet

Use 2ND DATA for data entry and 2ND STAT for results.

Statistics Formulas

\bar{x} = \frac{\sum x}{n}

s_x = \sqrt{\frac{\sum x^2 - \frac{(\sum x)^2}{n}}{n-1}}

\sigma_x = \sqrt{\frac{\sum x^2 - \frac{(\sum x)^2}{n}}{n}}

b = \frac{n\sum xy - (\sum x)(\sum y)}{n\sum x^2 - (\sum x)^2}

a = \frac{\sum y - b\sum x}{n}

Method	Model	Restrictions
LIN	Y = a + bX	None
Ln	Y = a + b\ln(X)	All X values > 0
EXP	Y = ab^X	All Y values > 0
PWR	Y = aX^b	All X and Y values > 0
1-V	One-variable statistics	Uses Y as frequency

Example: One-Variable Statistics

Enter values2NDDATA10ENTER↓↓12ENTER↓↓14ENTERX03= 14.00

Select one-variable mode2NDSTAT2NDSETrepeat until1-V

View results↓↓↓↓n= 3.00xbar= 12.00Sx= 2.00sigx= 1.63

In one-variable mode, each Xnn field is a data value and the matching Ynn field is its frequency. In two-variable modes, Xnn is the independent value and Ynn is the dependent value.

Other Worksheets

Percent Change

NEW = OLD\left(1 + \frac{\%CH}{100}\right)^{\#PD}

Example: OLD=658, NEW=700, compute %CH=6.38. Then enter %CH=-7 and compute NEW=611.94.

Interest Conversion

EFF = 100\left[\left(1+\frac{.01\times NOM}{C/Y}\right)^{C/Y}-1\right]

Enter NOM and C/Y, then press CPT on EFF.

Date

Example: DT1=9-04-2003, DT2=11-01-2003, ACT, compute DBD=58.00.

Profit Margin

MAR = \frac{SEL - CST}{SEL}\times 100

Example: SEL=125, MAR=20, compute CST=100.00.

Breakeven

PFT = PQ - (FC + VCQ)

Example: FC=3000, VC=15, P=20, PFT=0, compute Q=600.00.

Memory

Use STO plus a memory number to store, and RCL plus a memory number to recall. The Memory worksheet shows M0 through M9.

Error Messages And Troubleshooting

Error	Meaning	Typical Fix
Error 1	Overflow or divide by zero.	Check input size and denominators.
Error 2	Invalid argument.	Check signs, roots, logarithms, and worksheet ranges.
Error 3	Too many pending operations.	Close parentheses or simplify the expression.
Error 4	Out of range.	Check worksheet limits such as P/Y, C/Y, dates, and periods.
Error 5	No solution exists.	Use opposite signs for cash inflows and outflows.
Error 6	Invalid date.	Check date format and valid calendar dates.
Error 7	Iteration limit exceeded.	Simplify the problem or check sign changes.
Error 8	Iterative calculation canceled.	Recompute if the calculation was stopped.

If a result looks wrong, check P/Y, C/Y, BGN/END, DEC, DATE, SEP, and the active worksheet method.

Accuracy, Rounding, And Limits

Calculations retain internal guard digits; the display shows a rounded value according to the selected decimal format.
Later calculations use the internal value, not merely the rounded number visible on the display.
Most results are accurate within one unit of the last displayed digit. Iterative calculations such as I/Y, IRR, and bond yield can require more time.
The decimal setting accepts 0 through 9; selecting 9 uses floating-decimal display.
Amortization periods P1 and P2 must be in the supported range and P2 must be greater than or equal to P1.
For IRR, the cash-flow list must contain at least one sign change.

To clear an error, press CE/C. If the problem remains, verify the active worksheet and format settings, clear the worksheet, and enter the example again.